Tissue engineering is an interdisciplinary field that applies the principles of engineering and life science toward the development of biological substitutes that restore, maintain, or improve tissue function or a whole organ. In the part of this field, we are especially interested in the technologies to improve the central/peripheral nerve regeneration and investigate the specific mechanism of them. While the clinical importance of this topic, currently there is no perfectly effective treatment strategy following traumatic injury to the nervous system. As a solution, we are interested in applying multimodal stimulation to neuron or using multi-material fibers as a scaffold. Specifically, motivated by the findings that electrical stimulation promotes the functional recovery of peripheral nerves, we explored optogenetics as a means to increase neurite growth. Moreover, we confirmed that the fiber drawing process can be applied to various biocompatible materials for fabricating nerve guidance channels. These can have the scalable topographical features and porous structures on the interior surface. We are further extending these approaches to various tissue with different material platforms, for example, using hydrogel or bio-polymers in stem cell engineering.